The Internet of Bodies: A New Frontier of Human-Machine Integration
You've likely heard of the "Internet of Things" (IoT), where inanimate objects can be connected to the internet and each other. However, it's less likely that you're familiar with the concept of the "Internet of Bodies" (IoB). This concept, which dates back to 2016, describes a network of human bodies whose integrity and functioning depend, at least in part, on the internet and associated technologies, such as artificial intelligence.
The intersection of technology and the human body is not new. For decades, we've been wearing, ingesting, or implanting devices, from glasses to hearing aids, pacemakers, and more. Soon, these devices will have the capability to fully merge with our bodies while maintaining real-time connections with external machines.
The Internet of Bodies can be divided into three categories, based on the level of device integration:
First Generation: External Devices
The first generation of IoB devices is external. These include objects like smartwatches or connected rings that use sensors to track our steps or heart rate. Other examples include smart glasses that function as cameras, audio headsets, or screens.
Second Generation: Internal Devices
The second generation of IoB devices is internal. These are devices that are ingested or implanted, such as pacemakers with digital components, intelligent prosthetics connected directly to nerves and muscles, or digital pills that can transmit medical data after ingestion.
Third Generation: Fully Integrated Devices
The third generation of IoB devices fully merges with the body while maintaining real-time connections with external machines and the internet. A prime example is the neural implant that Elon Musk is developing, which can read brain signals and allow individuals to control external machines.
Proponents of IoB argue that the benefits are clear: improved cognitive and physical functions, progress in healthcare, and substantial cost savings for individuals and businesses. However, where some see benefits, others see risks. Data protection will be essential, as many of these devices will be capable of tracking, recording, and storing personal information. Critics argue that if governments or companies obtain this data, they could use it to spy on citizens or profit from it.
Ethical questions also arise. Will we live in a world where the rich are "augmented" and the poor are not? On a philosophical level, does IoB challenge our autonomy and ability to govern ourselves? Who will be responsible for monitoring the risks?
The economic potential of the IoB sector is immense, estimated to reach $66 billion by 2024 and surpass $132 billion by 2029.
