World Trade Organization Agreement on Fishing Subsidies Enters into Force
The World Trade Organization (WTO) announced that its agreement on fishing subsidies will enter into force on September 15, 2025, after being ratified by two-thirds of its members.
Background
The agreement, adopted in 2022, prohibits subsidies for illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing, as well as activities targeting overfished stocks. It also bans aid for operations in high-seas areas not covered by a regional fisheries management organization. Signatory states will be required to notify their subsidies, introducing an unprecedented level of transparency.
Implications for Africa
For Africa, where artisanal fishing is essential to food security and livelihoods, the agreement may limit competition from large foreign industrial fleets and promote better stock management. However, implementation remains a challenge: many African countries lack the technical and scientific means to monitor their maritime zones and assess the state of their resources. Some local subsidies used to support small-scale fishermen may also be affected if they do not comply with the new rules.
Support for Developing Countries
To address these difficulties, a technical and financial assistance mechanism is planned for the benefit of developing and least developed countries. In parallel, a second phase of negotiations is still needed to address subsidies that promote overcapacity and overfishing, a major challenge for the future of global ocean governance.
Next Steps
The entry into force of the agreement marks a significant step towards promoting sustainable fishing practices and reducing the harmful effects of subsidies on the world's oceans. However, its effective implementation will depend on the ability of countries to overcome the challenges ahead and work together to ensure a more equitable and sustainable management of marine resources.
