COP30: A Turning Point in International Climate Negotiations
The 30th edition of the Conference of the Parties (COP30), held from November 10 to 21, 2025, in Belém, Brazil, marks a significant milestone in international climate negotiations. This edition aims to assess previous commitments and prepare for a new cycle of nationally determined contributions, with a horizon set for 2035.
Priorities and Objectives
As of November 19, the host country's priorities have emphasized:
- Energy transition
- Forest and ocean protection
- Sustainable agriculture
- Resilient cities
- Climate justice
- Technological innovation
United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres stressed that this conference should inaugurate "a decade of acceleration and results."
Key Highlights
Among the key points of this edition, climate finance remains at the center of debates. Brazil presented the "Baku to Belém Roadmap," a plan to mobilize $1.3 trillion per year for adaptation and mitigation, with a particular focus on supporting developing countries and local communities. The Tropical Forests Forever Facility initiative and the securing of indigenous peoples' rights highlight the desire to reconcile environmental protection and social justice.
Fossil Fuels and Sustainable Energy
The issue of fossil fuels has also dominated discussions. Over 80 countries support a roadmap to gradually reduce coal, oil, and gas, while Brazil launches the "Belém 4x Commitment," aiming to quadruple the use of sustainable fuels by 2035.
Technological Innovation
Technological innovation is being harnessed to serve the climate, with the launch of the Green Digital Action Hub and the AI Climate Institute, which offer tools for agriculture, infrastructure, and climate forecasting. However, some experts warn about the carbon footprint of these technologies and call for strict regulation.
Adaptation and Resilience
Adapting to the effects of climate change is another priority. The Belém Health Action Plan provides for strengthening health systems and a $300 million fund to support vulnerable countries. Cities and sustainable housing are also at the heart of commitments, with solutions to reduce urban heat and build resilient homes.
Challenges and Tensions
Despite these advances, tensions persist. Critics point to the absence of certain world leaders, the limitations of commitments on fossil fuels, and protests by indigenous populations denouncing the commodification of forests. The logistical conditions of the conference have also been criticized.
Conclusion
The COP30 illustrates the current dilemma of climate negotiations: ambitious initiatives are announced, but their success will depend on concrete implementation, justice in the distribution of funding, and the ability of states and institutions to transform promises into tangible actions.
